{"id":5401,"date":"2019-03-05T15:08:40","date_gmt":"2019-03-05T14:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nutribeninternational.com\/?p=5401"},"modified":"2019-03-13T09:15:08","modified_gmt":"2019-03-13T08:15:08","slug":"common-diseases-in-the-first-months-of-life-otitis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nutribeninternational.com\/en\/common-diseases-in-the-first-months-of-life-otitis\/","title":{"rendered":"Common diseases in the first months of life: otitis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section bb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.78&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|||&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.78&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243;][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.78&#8243; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;&#8221;][\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243;][et_pb_post_title _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.78&#8243; title=&#8221;off&#8221; meta=&#8221;off&#8221; author=&#8221;on&#8221; date=&#8221;on&#8221; categories=&#8221;on&#8221; comments=&#8221;on&#8221; featured_image=&#8221;on&#8221; featured_placement=&#8221;below&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_background=&#8221;off&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; \/][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.78&#8243; divider_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; divider_position=&#8221;top&#8221; \/][et_pb_testimonial _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.78&#8243; url_new_window=&#8221;off&#8221; quote_icon=&#8221;on&#8221; use_background_color=&#8221;on&#8221; quote_icon_background_color=&#8221;#f5f5f5&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Otitis is defined as an inflammation, acute or recurrent, of the ear.otitis is defined as an inflammation, acute or recurrent, of the ear.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_testimonial][et_pb_divider _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.78&#8243; divider_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; divider_position=&#8221;top&#8221; \/][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243;][et_pb_post_title _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.78&#8243; title=&#8221;off&#8221; meta=&#8221;on&#8221; author=&#8221;off&#8221; date=&#8221;on&#8221; date_format=&#8221;M j, Y&#8221; categories=&#8221;off&#8221; comments=&#8221;off&#8221; featured_image=&#8221;off&#8221; featured_placement=&#8221;below&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_background=&#8221;off&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; \/][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.78&#8243; background_layout=&#8221;light&#8221; border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h2><b>What is otitis?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Otitis is defined as an inflammation, acute or recurrent, of the ear. Depending on the characteristics of this inflammation, its development, symptoms, location and the microorganism that produces it, different types can be distinguished: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">External otitis: Are those in which the external auditory canal is affected.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Otitis Media: In which there is an involvement of the middle ear (of the structures located behind the eardrum). These, in turn, can be divided according to their presentation as: <\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acute otitis media, in which symptoms appear suddenly. They can manifest in a punctual and sporadic way, they can persist having relapses at close intervals, or they can be repeated over several months <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serous or exudative otitis media, in which no symptoms appear, or are milder and its evolution is more chronic (lasts longer).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acute otitis media is one of the most common diseases suffered by children, occurring in 60% of children before completing their first year and up to 90% in the course of the first five years of life. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For this reason, it\u2019s interesting that parents and caregivers become familiar with these pathologies, since their highest incidence occurs in babies from 6 to 12 months, when children cannot transmit clearly where it hurts and what symptoms they notice.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What produces it?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Otitis are infections that can produce different microorganisms:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">External otitis is related to an increase in the humidity in the external auditory canal, caused for example by frequent bathing in swimming pools, beaches, etc, <\/span><b>appearing for this reason, more frequently in summer<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It can also present itself as a superinfection of some lesion or erosion of the mucosa or coating of this duct. Among the microorganisms that most commonly participate in the production of this infection are bacteria, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, followed by <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Other pathogens that can cause these infections are fungi, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, etc<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of acute otitis media, the microorganisms that most commonly produce this infection are bacteria, such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae or Moraxella catarrhalis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Viruses are microorganisms that favour the appearance of otitis media due to the production of respiratory infections that secondarily result in the appearance of otitis due to the accumulation of mucus that they cause and that affects the ear. Its direct relationship in the production of infection is more controversial<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It&#8217;s established that there are predisposing factors that favour the appearance of otitis media in children, such as day care, having less than two years of age, being male, having a family history of acute otitis media (parents, siblings), or be exposed to tobacco smoke, for example.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>What are the symptoms?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The two main symptoms to suspect that the child suffers from a possible otitis are the pain in the ear and the presence of secretion in it (otorrhea).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of external otitis, it\u2019s common for the child to feel itching in the auditory canal and intense pain when the ear is touched or pulled (auditory pinna) or when the cartilaginous &#8220;overhang&#8221; is pressed located in the middle and anterior region of the ear (pressure in the swallow or positive swallow sign). It may also appear a purulent secretion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acute otitis media is manifested as a sudden pain in the ear, often at night or after sleeping, causing irritability when waking up, a disconsolate crying, accompanied by fever and sometimes vomiting and diarrhoea. Babies usually refuse breastfeeding because of the pain caused by sucking. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These episodes usually occur with the history that the baby has had a cold with a lot of nasal mucus. The communication of the nose with the Eustachian tube (anatomical structure in the form of a tube that goes from the nasal region to the ear), favours the development of the infection, since the mucus accumulates and bacterial superinfection appears. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sometimes the pressure exerted by the mucus is such that, finally, the tympanic membrane undergoes a rupture or perforation, leaving a purulent mucus towards the external auditory canal. At that time, the child usually notices a decrease in pain due to the decreased pressure, although the hearing gets worse. Parents can see in many cases how the sheets of the crib or bed are stained.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Occasionally there is an accumulation of mucus and obstruction of this Eustachian tube more persistently after a catarrhal process, repeated otitis acute media or an increase in so-called &#8220;vegetations&#8221; (adenoids). In these cases, the child doesn\u2019t have pain, but it can have a decrease in hearing, which in the case of babies, is sometimes not perceived by the parents. It\u2019s then spoken of otitis media serous or otitis media with exudate or subacute. This type of alterations in the first years of life can cause delays and alterations in the language in the long run.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5397\" style=\"width: 510px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5397\" class=\"wp-image-5397 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/nutribeninternational.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/otitis-interior.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nutribeninternational.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/otitis-interior.jpeg 500w, https:\/\/nutribeninternational.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/otitis-interior-300x243.jpeg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-5397\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The two main symptoms of suspected otitis are pain in the ear and discharge from the ear (otolaryngorrhea).<\/p><\/div>\n<h2><b>How is the diagnosis?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Otitis diagnostic is basically clinical, that is, the paediatrician, due to the symptoms presented by the child, the previous antecedents and the physical examination performed, can see the presence of this auditory pathology. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In general, in the examination, the doctor will observe in the case of external otitis, how the external auditory canal of the child appears inflamed, with oedema and reddening. The child can show signs of a lot of pain when the paediatrician introduces the otoscope to explore it (diagnostic device for visualization of the interior of the ear canal and the eardrum, which has a handle and a cone-shaped end accompanied by a light). There is secretion present and it can be confirmed that, in this case, the eardrum remains normal. In addition, as we have explained before, the doctor verifies that when tightening the area of the ear (called swallow), the child presents an increase in pain<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of acute otitis media, in otoscopy, the external auditory canal is almost normal in this case and the eardrum appears red, bulging and dull. The doctor can see if there has been a perforation and the presence of whitish purulent secretion in the duct.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In exudative or serous otitis, the doctor sees in the examination with the otoscope what he suspects is a secretion behind the eardrum, he may observe posterior bubbles and the dull tympanic membrane.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Which is the treatment?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The treatment of otitis externa is topical, that is, with the application of antibiotics in drops directly in the ear (ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, etc.), or antifungals, in the case that it\u2019s produced by a fungus. In addition, it\u2019s advisable to apply local dry heat and avoid moisture as much as possible (prevent water from entering the ear).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acute otitis media can be treated with antibiotics taken orally (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime-axetil, azithromycin&#8230;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), being most usual in babies, or applied topically in drops (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ciprofloxacin<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, etc). Similarly, the application of local dry heat can relieve pain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In any case, the doctor is the only one who can indicate adequately if the child needs to take antibiotics or not and which is the most appropriate guideline.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accompanying the specific treatment of the cause of the infection, the paediatrician usually adds an analgesic &#8211; anti-inflammatory treatment (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">paracetamol, ibuprofen<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2026).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other treatments may be indicated according to the risk factors that precipitate the onset of otitis and its evolution, for example, transtympanic drainages in the case of chronic otitis, (put a few tubes in the tympanic membrane to drain mucus), or also the extirpation of &#8220;vegetations&#8221; (adenoidectomy), etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parents and caregivers should be vigilant and, if once the treatment is scheduled by the paediatrician, the symptoms don\u2019t improve considerably in the first 3 &#8211; 4 days (persistent severe pain, high fever, etc.), they should consult the doctor again so that he can rule out possible complications.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Prevention<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding the prevention of external otitis, as we have said, one of the factors favouring the appearance of these is constant humidity. For this reason, it\u2019s important that, in the periods when the children bathe most (in the summer in pools, etc), both babies and older children wear bathing caps and dry their ears when leaving the water. It\u2019s also important to pay special attention to the entrance of the external auditory canal. It\u2019s not advisable to use swabs for this purpose or to clean the ear, because they can cause damage to the eardrum and lesions in the mucosa of the external auditory canal, this can cause bacterial infections, or can push cerumen towards the bottom of the canal, favouring the formation of plugs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In otitis media, it\u2019s advisable to do nasal washes without pressure in the case that the child has catarrhs with a lot of mucus, with the intention of &#8220;dragging&#8221; that mucus and preventing it from going to the ear. It is also advisable that in these episodes the children are always well hydrated, so that the mucus is more fluid and easier to eliminate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pneumococcal vaccination included in the childhood immunization schedule has favoured that the incidence of otitis produced by these agents has decreased <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In babies, as in other types of pathologies, the positive relationship of protection of breastfeeding has been seen for the stimulation of the child&#8217;s natural defences, especially in the first 6 months of life. In cases where this is not possible and it\u2019s necessary to perform artificial or mixed breastfeeding, it\u2019s advisable to use <\/span><a href=\"\/?product_cat=infant-formulas\/regular-formulas\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">complete formulas adapted to the baby&#8217;s age<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which can be enriched with prebiotics to promote the development of the child&#8217;s defences, contributing the necessary nutrients.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"et_pb_row et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div> Otitis is defined as an inflammation, acute or recurrent, of the ear.otitis is defined as an inflammation, acute or recurrent, of the ear. What is otitis? Otitis is defined as an inflammation, acute or recurrent, of the ear. Depending on the characteristics of this inflammation, its development, symptoms, location and the microorganism that produces [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":5395,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[129],"tags":[302,303,305,304,300,293,297,298,296,299,294,295,301],"class_list":["post-5401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-pediatrician-answers","tag-babies-otitis","tag-baby-otitis","tag-common-diseases-in-babies","tag-diseases-in-babies","tag-ear-disease","tag-enfermedad-de-oidos","tag-enfermedades-bebes","tag-enfermedades-comunes-bebes","tag-la-otitis-en-los-bebes","tag-otitis-en","tag-otitis-bebe","tag-otitis-en-bebes","tag-otitis-in-babies"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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